Goldwyn Girls

Early Goldwyn Girls

The Goldwyn Girls were a musical stock company of female dancers employed by Samuel Goldwyn. 

Famous actresses whose career included a stint in the Goldwyn Girls include Lucille Ball, Paulette Goddard, Betty Grable, Ann Sothern, Jane Wyman, Virginia Bruce,Virginia Grey, Mary Meade, and Virginia Mayo.

Paulette Goddard

Lucille Ball

Jane Wyman

IMDb lists of actresses who were at one point in their careers Goldwyn Girls: Betty Alexander,Jean Allen, Gale Amber, Gloria Anderson, Loretta Andrews, Mary Ashcraft, Consuelo Baker, Lucille Ball, Shirley Ballard, Bonnie Bannon, Joan Barclay, Betty Bassett, Amelia Batchelor, Virginia Belmont, Irene Bentley, Lynne Berkeley, Deannie Best, Dudone Blumier, Karin Booth, Barbara Brent, Mary Brewer, Lynn Browning, Virginia Bruce, Jan Bryant, Ruth Caldwell, Edna Callahan, Maxine Cantway, Mary Jane Carey, Betty Cargyle,Alma Carroll, Joyzelle Cartier, Lynne Carver, Sue Casey, Joan Chaffee, Shirley Chambers,Linda Christian, Mary Coyle, Hazel Craven, Jean Cronin, Virginia Cruzon, Helen Darling,Jann Darlyn, Madelyn Darrow, Doris Davenport, Loretta Daye, Lorraine DeRome, Marjorie Deanne, Myrna Dell, Gloria Delson, Mary Lou Dix, Claire Dodd, Nadine Dore, Betty Douglas, Dorothy Dugan, Ruth Eddings, Jinx Falkenburg, Patsy Farnum, Helen Ferguson,Muriel Finley, Phyllis Forbes, Judith Ford, Karen X. Gaylord, Inna Gest, Mary Ellen Gleason, Paulette Goddard, Renee Godfrey, Gail Goodson, Betty Grable, Anne Graham,Jeanne Gray, Virginia Grey, Mary Gwynne, Ruth Hale, Ellen Hall, Donna Hamilton, Jane Hamilton, Carol Haney, Patricia Harper, June Harris, Eloise Hart, Althea Henley, Betty-Joy Howard, Jean Howard, Kay Hughes, Eleanor Huntley, Mary Ann Hyde, Amo Ingraham,Janice Jarratt, Elaine Johnson, Jackie Jordan, Vivian Keefer, Jane Keithley, Helen Kimball, June Kirby, Dorothy Knapp, Margaret La Marr, Adele Lacy, June Lang, Georgia Lange, Mary Lange, Rosalyn Lee, Jean Lenivich, Georgia Lerch, Vonne Lester, Caryl Lincoln, Shirley Lloyd, Bernice Lorimer, Betty Lorraine, Florence Lundeen, Neva Lynn, Nancy Lyon, Joyce Mackenzie, Mae Madison, Mickey Malloy, Christine Maple, Vivian Mathison, Michael Mauree, Virginia Mayo, Mary Meade, Dorothy Merritt, Lorraine Miller, Lillian Molieri, Martha Montgomery, Ruth Moody, Mary Moore, Jean Morgan, Kay Morley, Diana Mumby, Nancy Nash, Lee Nugent, Dorothy Patrick, Patricia Patrick, Shelby Payne, Barbara Pepper,Wanda Perry, Faye Pierre, Nita Pike, Edith Roarke, Donna Mae Roberts, Charlotte Russell, Marion Sayers, Gail Sheridan, Mary Simpson,Betty Slocum, Hyca Slocum, Ann Sothern, Kismi Stefan, Margie Stewart, Betty Stockton, Marcia Sweet, Helen Talbot, Anya Taranda, Evelyn Terry, Larri Thomas, Virginia Thorpe, Betty Thurston, Ruth Valmy, Ricki Van Dusen, Vicki Vann, Tyra Vaughn, Irene Vernon, Blanca Vischer,Lynn Walker, Alice Wallace, Sandra Warner, Sonia Warner, Dorothy Coonan Wellman, Renee Whitney, Virginia Wicks, Chili Williams, Toby Wing, Diana Winslow, Hazel Witter, Helen Wood, Mary Jane Woods, Jane Wyman, Audrey Young, Gloria Youngblood.

The Formula starring Marlin Brando and George C. Scott inspired by factual Nazi and US secrets

The Formula is a mystery film directed by John G. Avildsen released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1980. It features a preeminent cast of Marlon Brando, John Gielgud,George C. Scott and Marthe Keller. Craig T. Nelson also makes a brief appearance as a geologist. Despite recieving 1st Golden Rasberry Award, the film is noteworthy as being one of the first films to deal with the issue of peak oil and the global collapse of economies based on fossil fuels. In this, it is similar to Rollover which dealt with the possibility of a collapse of global financial markets.

*******WARNING SPOILERS*****

The fictional Genesis formula is based on both fact and mythology of Nazi's use of coal hydrogenation. The factual Bergius Process is a method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of high-volatile bituminous coal at high temperature and pressure. It was first developed by Friedrich Bergius in 1913, in 1931 Bergius was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of high pressure chemistry. Before World War II several plants where built with an annual capacity of 4 million tons of synthetic fuel. These plants were extensively used during World War II to supply Germany with fuel and lubricants.

The Bergius process was extensively used by Nazi Germany and targeted for bombing during the Oil Campaign of World War II. At present there are no plants operating the Bergius Process or its derivatives commercially. The largest demonstration plant was the 200 ton per day plant at Bottrop, Germany, operated by Ruhrkohle, which ceased operation in 1993. There are reports of the Chinese company constructing a plant with a capacity of 4 000 ton per day. It was expected to become operational in 2007, but there has been no confirmation that this was achieved.

Ruins of coal elevator in a synthetic gasoline plant from WWII 

During WWII the United States conducted secret research in converting coal to gasoline at a facility in Louisiana, Missouri. Located along the Mississippi river, this plant was producing gasoline in commercial quantities by 1948. The Louisiana process method produced automobile gasoline comparable in price with petroleum based gasoline but of a higher quality.The facility was shut down in 1953 by the Eisenhower administration after intense lobbying by the oil industry. Declassified documents detailing the experiments and the production process were systematically destroyed. In the 1980s 16mm microfilm of these documents were discovered in a few Federal Depository Libraries. Within three months researcher requests to view this microfilm were told the canisters were missing. In one case a physical search turned up only the rusty pattern of a 16mm film canister on a steel shelf. Apparently The National Petroleum Council continues to suppress this information.

Additional Reading "Friedrich Bergius and the Rise of the German Synthetic Fuel Industry"